Different Separation or Experimental Techniques for Clinical Chromatography: Small Review

Liquid chromatography is a widely popular technique in clinical laboratories and clinical applications. People evolved and developed various types of chromatography for decades after its initial idea published in 1960s. Mostly people use HPLC-MS, UHPLC techniques to purify antibody, drug isomers and enantiomers. Separating molecules of different sizes by modified HPLC and size exclusion chromatography saved solvent reduction by 90% in new instruments. Decades old thin layer chromatography modified into MALDI-TOF-MS for efficient identification of heredity related bulk amino acids secretion and the diseases associated with it. Single peptide branch is also efficiently isolated from a mixed protein sample with the help of MALDI-TOF-MS. Several Biotech companies e.g., Agilent, Thermo Fisher, GE, Sigma-Aldrich, Shimadzu, PerkinElmer, Dionex, Roche, BD Biosciences, and Illumina are the leading companies in chromatography instrumentation areas. They produced innovative liquid chromatography instruments by merging various modified parameters that reduced experimental time and toxic chemical usage. The target of clinical research or pharmaceutical industry is to reduce enantiomer or isomer separation, peak retention; quicker sample processing and flexibility to analyze most of the biological molecules. Column matrix, Injection volume, injection time, ionization and detectors (3D photo diode array chromatogram) are the key measuring parameters in these updated versions of liquid chromatography instruments. Liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry or micro fluidic device helps people to detect single nucleotide polymorphism in DNA or early stage of a disease like cancer.